the spectrum. The second reason, which in itself may have been an underlying cause of the first, was the impact of the early Graham crusades in England and Scotland, which gave ample opportunity for theological opponents to dismiss evangelicals as fundamentalists who had sacrificed intellectual integrity for the allure of tub-thumping American populism. Hence Graham, at the same time as he was being attacked by American fundamentalists for the expanding range of his Christian connections, was initially
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